Which of the following best describes Jefferson's point of view about government as expressed in the excerpt?A. The federal government should financially support internal improvements.B. Government should limit interference in the lives of its citizens.C. Governments should provide economic assistance to all citizens.D. State governments should have more authority than the federal government.
answer
BGovernment should limit interference in the lives of its citizens.
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Which of the following was most likely a main purpose of Jefferson's inaugural address?A. To advocate and explain the constitutionality of certain lawsB. To summarize his beliefs about the ideal political systemC. To warn European countries against renewing conflicts with the United StatesD. To justify the cost of the Louisiana Purchase
answer
BTo summarize his beliefs about the ideal political system
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Which of the following best describes the political situation in which Jefferson gave the address in the excerpt?A. Federalists sought compromise with Democratic-Republican politicians.B. The Federalist Party remained more powerful than the Democratic-Republicans.C. The Democratic-Republican Party had won the presidency for the first time.D. Democratic-Republicans had gained increased support from wealthy merchants.
answer
CThe Democratic-Republican Party had won the presidency for the first time.
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Which of the following best describes the context from which the ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged?A. Popular opinion supported intervention in Europe against France.B. Political leaders sought to encourage domestic economic development.C. Voters pressured state governments to drop property restrictions on voting.D. Religious revivals encouraged the widespread development of reform movements.
answer
BPolitical leaders sought to encourage domestic economic development.
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At the time the petition was produced, Congress most likely interpreted the petition's purpose asA. requesting federal funding for transportation construction projectsB. rallying support to end commercial relations with Great BritainC. encouraging White settlers to use canals to migrate to new statesD. promoting the development of agriculture at the expense of industry
answer
Arequesting federal funding for transportation construction projects
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The claims in the excerpt were most likely interpreted as opposing which of the following existing federal government policies at the time?A. Financing a national banking systemB. Promoting economic development through foreign tradeC. Acquiring western Native American landD. Levying tariffs on imported manufactured goods
answer
BPromoting economic development through foreign trade
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Which of the following best describes a historian's likely interpretation of the situation in which the excerpt was produced in the early 1800s?A. Political leaders agreed on policies for developing the economy.B. Most Americans sought to turn away from European influences.C. Some Americans promoted international strength through a unified national economy.D. Business leaders argued that the Constitution limited federal spending.
answer
CSome Americans promoted international strength through a unified national economy.
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The petition could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following?A. The effects of new transportation links on industry in the NortheastB. The lives of immigrant laborers constructing new infrastructureC. The ideas that led some Americans to advocate for improved transportationD. The reasons that regional interests opposed internal improvements
answer
CThe ideas that led some Americans to advocate for improved transportation
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Which of the following best explains how the purpose of the speech in the excerpt was interpreted by federal officials?A. Red Jacket wanted to increase Iroquois commerce with the United States.B. Red Jacket sought to protect Iroquois independence from the United States.C. Red Jacket desired to abandon traditional Iroquois religious practices for Christianity.D. Red Jacket wished to help United States migrants form new settlements on Iroquois land.
answer
BRed Jacket sought to protect Iroquois independence from the United States.
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The excerpt could best be used by historians studying theA. origins of the Second Great AwakeningB. effects of the market revolution on family rolesC. colonization of eastern North America by English settlersD. resistance against the expansion of United States influence
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Dresistance against the expansion of United States influence
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Innovations in shipping and the growth of commercial networks were most directly related to which of the following other developments of the first half of the nineteenth century?A. A decrease in the availability of jobs for recent immigrantsB. An increase in the number of Americans moving west of the Appalachian MountainsC. The spread of industrialization to most cities in the SouthD. An increase in the production in the home of goods used by families
answer
BAn increase in the number of Americans moving west of the Appalachian Mountains
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Changes in ideas about men's and women's gender roles in the family, resulting from the market revolution, most directly contributed to which of the following shifts in American social practices during the same period?A. The rise of widespread support for women's right to vote in national electionsB. A new emphasis on the separation between the public and private spheresC. Calls for mothers to guide their children's education in republican values and citizenshipD. The growth of a political culture blending European and uniquely American elements
answer
BA new emphasis on the separation between the public and private spheres
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The growth of manufacturing in the United States from 1800 to 1850 was most directly connected to which of the following broader historical processes?A. Abolitionists advancing moral arguments to bring an end to slaveryB. Political parties debating about the need for a national bankC. Supreme Court decisions confirming the primacy of federal laws over state lawsD. Large numbers of international migrants moving to northern cities
answer
DLarge numbers of international migrants moving to northern cities
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The expansion of suffrage to most adult White men in the early nineteenth century most directly resulted in which of the following?A. The growth of new political partiesB. The abolition of slavery in the northern statesC. The signing of peace treaties with Native AmericansD. The employment of women in textile manufacturing
answer
AThe growth of new political parties
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Which of the following most directly led to the expansion of participatory democracy in the first half of the nineteenth century?A. Development of a canal system connecting different parts of the countryB. Encouragement of citizens to settle the western territoriesC. Reduction of property ownership requirements for votingD. Threats by South Carolina to nullify federal laws it deemed unconstitutional
answer
CReduction of property ownership requirements for voting
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The expansion of suffrage to most adult White men by the 1820s and 1830s most directly contributed to theA. emergence of political rallies and events to encourage people to vote for particular partiesB. increase in the autonomy of state legislaturesC. expansion of labor union activism that demanded better conditions for workersD. establishment of representative democracy through the United States Constitution
answer
Aemergence of political rallies and events to encourage people to vote for particular parties
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Which of the following describes a context that most influenced the implementation of the government policy discussed in the excerpt?A. Many Americans desired the United States to expand its western land claims.B. Many Americans asserted the separation of public and private spheres.C. Some Americans were influenced by European literary and cultural models.D. Some Americans began to oppose the spread of slavery.
answer
AMany Americans desired the United States to expand its western land claims.
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Which of the following claims is supported by the author's main argument in the excerpt?A. White settler demand for land was the principal cause of Indian removal policies.B. Partnerships between White settlers and American Indians prevented most removals.C. Andrew Jackson planned Indian removal to punish American Indians after conflicts.D. Andrew Jackson can be blamed for the unintended effects of Indian removal.
answer
DAndrew Jackson can be blamed for the unintended effects of Indian removal.
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Which of the following pieces of evidence would best refute Jackson's claim about his predecessors' policies toward American Indians, as described in the first paragraph of the excerpt?A. President James Madison used the federal army to defeat an American Indian confederacy in the Northwest Territory.B. President George Washington enforced treaties guaranteeing American Indians in New York rights to their land.C. President James Monroe forced American Indians in Florida to move to a reservation after the First Seminole War.D. President Thomas Jefferson suggested purchasing territory from indebted American Indian groups.
answer
BPresident George Washington enforced treaties guaranteeing American Indians in New York rights to their land.
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Which of the following pieces of evidence would help modify an argument in the excerpt about President Jackson's intentions toward American Indians?A. Some representatives of Jackson profited by purchasing land from American Indians who were forcibly relocated.B. Some of Jackson's agents encouraged American Indians from Ohio and Florida to leave their homelands as well.C. Jackson had led United States armies that conquered American Indian peoples in the Southeast and forced land cessions.D. Jackson believed that relocating American Indians was the only action that would enable them to preserve their way of life.
answer
CJackson had led United States armies that conquered American Indian peoples in the Southeast and forced land cessions.
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The excerpt best serves as evidence of which of the following developments?A. The termination of cultural connections with Great BritainB. The popularization of the belief in human perfectibilityC. The creation of a unique American cultureD. The foundation of a trans-Atlantic print culture
answer
CThe creation of a unique American culture
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Which of the following can be concluded about the relationship between the United States and Europe based on the situation described in the excerpt?A. American writing was considered more refined than European writing.B. European artists traveled to the United States for inspiration.C. Most American literature was written for European consumption.D. European styles continued to influence American society.
answer
DEuropean styles continued to influence American society.
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Which of the following can be concluded about the United States based on the author's descriptions in the excerpt?A. Regional political interests dominated political debates.B. A common national culture was developing.C. Educational reforms contributed to increased literacy.D. New transportation routes made shipping books easier.
answer
BA common national culture was developing.
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Which of the following best explains a major reason for the emergence of the Second Great Awakening in the United States?A. The expansion of participatory democracy fostered popular engagement in religion as well.B. The arrival of large numbers of immigrants from Europe brought new religious ideas to the United States.C. The rise of individualistic and evangelical spiritual beliefs inspired religious conversion.D. The proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in the Western Hemisphere created a sense of spiritual independence.
answer
CThe rise of individualistic and evangelical spiritual beliefs inspired religious conversion.
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The Second Great Awakening was most directly related to which of the following other historical developments of the early nineteenth century?A. Innovations in manufacturing technology and agricultural equipmentB. Opposing political views on the powers of the federal governmentC. Celebrations of American patriotism and national cultureD. Challenges to Enlightenment views of rationalism
answer
DChallenges to Enlightenment views of rationalism
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The expansion of participatory democracy in the Jacksonian era most likely influenced the Second Great Awakening byA. giving rise to individualistic beliefsB. transforming gender roles in the familyC. increasing membership in the national political partiesD. generating opposition to the abolitionist movement
answer
Agiving rise to individualistic beliefs
question
A piece of evidence used by Howe in the second paragraph of the excerpt to support his argument about the goals of prison reform was that prison reformersA. saw prisons primarily as a form of punishmentB. intended to use prisons to rehabilitate criminalsC. sought to expand prisons to force debt repaymentsD. thought prisons were only to hold people before trial
answer
Bintended to use prisons to rehabilitate criminals
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Which of the following is a piece of evidence used by Howe to support his claim in the third paragraph of the excerpt about religious organizations in the early nineteenth century?A. Religious voluntary associations were limited to focusing on local efforts.B. Many religious reformers also worked for large nationwide corporations.C. The Second Bank of the United States was one of many national federal organizations.D. Members of the Evangelical United Front employed more people than the Post Office did
answer
DMembers of the Evangelical United Front employed more people than the Post Office did.
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Which of the following describes a piece of evidence used by Howe to support his overall argument about the motivations of religious reformers?A. They believed that they should focus their efforts only on the United States.B. They sought to compete with other churches for religious converts.C. They viewed reform mainly as a means of social control.D. They desired to teach people personal autonomy.
answer
DThey desired to teach people personal autonomy.
question
Which of the following does the author use as evidence to support her argument that slaveholders were "keen to master their slaves' senses of pleasure"?A. Slaveholders held parties to encourage the loyalty of the enslaved.B. Slaveholders regularly listened to and sang slave spirituals.C. Enslaved African Americans held their own illicit parties.D. Enslaved African Americans regularly broke curfews and violated pass laws.
answer
ASlaveholders held parties to encourage the loyalty of the enslaved.
question
Which of the following could best be used as evidence to support the argument in the third paragraph of the excerpt that enslaved people engaged in oppositional activities?A. Slaveholders allowed some enslaved African Americans to work unsupervised.B. Enslaved African Americans routinely caused tools to break or worked more slowly as means of resistance.C. Abolitionists criticized slaveholders for separating enslaved children from their parents.D. Enslaved African Americans assigned to plantation homes had easier working conditions than those who worked in the fields.
answer
BEnslaved African Americans routinely caused tools to break or worked more slowly as means of resistance.
question
Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to modify the argument in the excerpt that many enslaved people engaged in oppositional activities?A. When possible, enslaved African Americans sought to escape to the North.B. Some enslaved African Americans learned to read in spite of laws banning it.C. Large-scale rebellions by enslaved African Americans in the first half of the 1800s were largely unsuccessful.D. Many enslaved African Americans maintained family units, even with spouses and children on other plantations.
answer
CLarge-scale rebellions by enslaved African Americans in the first half of the 1800s were largely unsuccessful.
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Which of the following best describes a context in the first half of the 1800s that influenced the development of slavery as described in the excerpt?A. The United States expanded its participation in the international slave trade.B. Northern business leaders sought enslaved people as laborers for transportation projects.C. Southern planters used enslaved people to produce cotton for international markets.D. Protestant religious revivalists encouraged the growth of antislavery movements.
answer
CSouthern planters used enslaved people to produce cotton for international markets.
question
In the first half of the 1800s, which of the following resulted from the debates about the cotton economy described in the excerpt?A. Northerners began to frame antislavery arguments in ecological terms.B. A distinct Southern economic and cultural identity emerged.C. Large numbers of immigrants moved to Southern cities to pursue economic opportunities.D. The federal government built an extensive network of roads, canals, and railroads to support cotton agriculture.
answer
BA distinct Southern economic and cultural identity emerged.
question
Which of the following most directly contributed to the development described in the excerpt?A. The introduction of enslaved Africans in the 1600s into what is now the United StatesB. The election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency and his decision to enforce tariff collectionsC. A series of slave insurrections and rebellions in the first half of the 1800sD. A belief by southern businessmen that the southern economy should focus on the export of select agricultural products
answer
DA belief by southern businessmen that the southern economy should focus on the export of select agricultural products
question
Which of the following resulted from the mass production of cotton described in the excerpt?A. Southern planters eventually sought to diversify the crops they grew.B. Some southerners relocated their plantations to the west of the Appalachian Mountains.C. A cotton gin was developed that processed raw cotton more quickly.D. Southerners supported protective tariffs to stimulate the United States economy.
answer
BSome southerners relocated their plantations to the west of the Appalachian Mountains.
